I tēnei wā, kei te piki haere te maha o ngā ahumahi me ngā whare tūmatanui kei a rātou anō ā rātou ake taiwhanga. Ā, he maha ngā momo whakamātautau kei roto i ēnei taiwhanga e haere tonu ana i ia rā. E taea ana te whakaaro ka puta mai i ia whakamātautau he rerekē ngā rahinga me ngā momo matū whakamātautau e piri tonu ana ki ngā oko karāhe. Nō reira, kua noho te horoi i ngā toenga rauemi whakamātautau hei wāhanga o te mahi o ia rā o te taiwhanga.

E mārama ana, hei whakaoti i ngā paru toenga whakamātautau i roto i ngā oko karāhe, me whakapau kaha te nuinga o ngā taiwhanga ki te whakaaro nui, ki te mahi tangata me ngā rauemi, engari he maha ngā wā kāore e pai ngā hua. Nō reira, me pēhea te horoi i ngā toenga whakamātautau i roto i ngā oko karāhe kia haumaru, kia whai hua hoki? Inaa, ki te taea e tātou te whakaaro ki ngā mahi ārai e whai ake nei me te whakahaere tika i aua mea, ka ea noa iho tēnei raruraru.

Tuatahi: He aha ngā toenga e toe ana i roto i ngā oko karāhe taiwhanga?

I te wā o te whakamātautau, e toru ngā para ka puta, arā, ko te hau para, ko te wai para, me ngā totoka para. Arā, ko ngā parahanga toenga kāore he uara whakamātautau. Mō ngā oko karāhe, ko ngā parahanga tino kitea ko te puehu, ngā hinu horoi, ngā matū wairewa-wai, me ngā matū kore wairewa.

Kei roto i ēnei ko ngā toenga wairewa ko te kawakore kore utu, ngā tae, ngā tohu, te Na2SO4, ngā totoka NaHSO4, ngā tohu iodine me ētahi atu toenga rauropi; ko ngā matū kore wairewa ko te petrolatum, te kapia phenolic, te phenol, te hinu, te hinu whakahinuhinu, te pūmua, ngā paru toto, te reo ahurea pūtau, te toenga whakapūkara, te DNA me te RNA, te muka, te waikura konganuku, te konupūmā kāponāte, te whanariki, te tote hiriwa, te hopi hangai me ētahi atu poke. He maha ngā wā ka piri ēnei matū ki ngā pakitara o ngā oko karāhe taiwhanga pērā i ngā ngongo whakamātautau, ngā pūrere, ngā ipu rōrahi, me ngā pipette.

Ehara i te mea uaua ki te kimi i ngā āhuatanga nui o ngā toenga o ngā oko karāhe i whakamahia i te whakamātautau ka taea te whakarapopoto penei: 1. He maha ngā momo; 2. He rerekē te nui o te parahanga; 3. He uaua te āhua; 4. He paitini, he waikura, he pahū, he mate urutā me ētahi atu tūponotanga.

Tuarua: He aha ngā pānga kino o ngā toenga whakamātautau?

Ngā āhuatanga kino 1: i rahua te whakamātautau. Tuatahi, mēnā ka tutuki te tukatuka i mua i te whakamātautau i ngā paerewa ka pā tika ki te tika o ngā hua whakamātautau. I ēnei rā, he kaha ake ngā whakaritenga mō te tika, te whai i ngā hua whakamātautau, me te manatoko i ngā kaupapa whakamātautau. Nō reira, ko te noho mai o ngā toenga ka puta he āhuatanga whakararuraru ki ngā hua whakamātautau, ā, kāore e taea te whakatutuki angitu i te kaupapa o te kimi whakamātautau.

Ngā āhuatanga kino 2: he maha ngā tūmomo mōrearea nui, ngā tūmomo mōrearea pea rānei kei roto i ngā toenga whakamātautau ki te tinana tangata. Ina koa, ko ētahi rongoā kua whakamatautauria he āhuatanga matū pērā i te paitini me te pōturi, ā, ko te iti o te mangere ka pā kino tika, ā-kore rānei ki te hauora tinana me te hinengaro o ngā mea e pā ana ki ngā mea e pā ana. Ina koa i ngā mahi horoi i ngā taputapu karāhe, ehara tēnei i te mea onge.

Pānga kino 3: Heoi anō, ki te kore e taea te tukatuka tika me te tino pai i ngā toenga whakamātautau, ka tino poke te taiao whakamātautau, ka huri i te hau me ngā puna wai hei hua kore e taea te whakakore. Ki te hiahia te nuinga o ngā taiwhanga ki te whakapai ake i tēnei raruraru, kāore e kore ka pau te wā, ka uaua, ka nui te utu… ā, kua ara ake tēnei hei raruraru huna i roto i te whakahaere me te mahi taiwhanga.

Tuatoru: He aha ngā tikanga hei whakahaere i ngā toenga whakamātautau o ngā oko karāhe?

Mō ngā toenga karaihe taiwhanga, e toru ngā tikanga matua e whakamahia ana e te umanga: te horoi ā-ringa, te horoi ultrasonic, me te horoi aunoa i ngā karaihe hei whakatutuki i te kaupapa o te horoi. Ko ngā āhuatanga o ngā tikanga e toru ko:

Tikanga 1: Horoi ā-ringa

Ko te horoi ā-ringa te tikanga matua mō te horoi me te horoi ki te wai rere. (I ētahi wā me whakamahi i te hinu kua whirihorahia me ngā paraihe ngongo whakamātautau hei āwhina) Me whakapau kaha, kaha tinana, me te wā hoki ngā kaiwhakamātautau ki te whakaoti i te kaupapa o te tango i ngā toenga. I taua wā anō, kāore e taea e tēnei tikanga horoi te matapae i te whakamahinga o ngā rauemi hiko wai. I roto i te tukanga horoi ā-ringa, he uaua ake te whakatutuki i ngā raraunga taupū nui pēnei i te pāmahana, te kawe hiko, me te uara pH ki te whakatutuki i te whakahaere pūtaiao me te whai hua, te tuhi, me ngā tatauranga. Ā, he maha ngā wā kāore e taea e te hua horoi whakamutunga o ngā oko karāhe te whakatutuki i ngā whakaritenga o te ma o te whakamātautau.

Tikanga 2: Horoi ultrasonic

Ka whakamahia te horoinga ultrasonic ki ngā oko karāhe iti te rahinga (ehara i te taputapu ine), pērā i ngā ipu mō te HPLC. Nā te mea he uaua ki te horoi i tēnei momo oko karāhe ki te paraihe, ki te whakakīia rānei ki te wai, ka whakamahia te horoinga ultrasonic. I mua i te horoinga ultrasonic, me horoi mārire ngā matū wairewa ki te wai, ētahi wāhanga o ngā matū kore wairewa me te puehu i roto i ngā oko karāhe, kātahi ka werohia he hopi horoi ki te kukū motuhake, ka whakamahia te horoinga ultrasonic mō te 10-30 meneti, me horoi te wai horoi ki te wai, kātahi ka purea ki te horoinga ultrasonic wai kia 2 ki te 3 ngā wā. He maha ngā mahi i roto i tēnei tukanga me mahi ā-ringa.

Me whakanui anō hoki, ki te kore e tika te whakahaere i te horoinga ultrasonic, ka nui te tūponotanga ka pakaru, ka kino hoki te ipu karāhe kua horoia.

Tikanga 3: Horoi karāhe aunoa

Ka whakamahia e te mīhini horoi aunoa te mana rorohiko iti atamai, he pai mō te horoi tino pai o ngā momo karāhe, e tautoko ana i te horoinga kanorau, te horoi puranga, ā, he paerewa te tukanga horoi, ka taea te tārua me te whai raraunga. Ehara i te mea ka tukuna noa e te mīhini horoi pounamu aunoa ngā kairangahau mai i te mahi uaua o te horoi karāhe me ngā mōrearea haumaru huna, engari ka arotahi hoki ki ngā mahi rangahau pūtaiao nui ake. Nā te mea ka penapena wai, hiko, ā, he matomato ake, kua piki ake ngā painga ōhanga mō te taiwhanga katoa i roto i te wā roa. Heoi anō, ko te whakamahinga o te mīhini horoi pounamu aunoa katoa he pai ake mō te taumata whānui o te taiwhanga ki te whakatutuki i te tiwhikete me ngā whakaritenga GMP\FDA, he mea whai hua ki te whanaketanga o te taiwhanga. I roto i te poto, ka karohia e te mīhini horoi pounamu aunoa te pokanoa o ngā hapa whaiaro, kia tika ai, kia ōrite ai ngā hua horoi, ā, kia tino pai ai, kia tino pai ai te ma o ngā taputapu i muri i te horoinga!